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They love a Parade

By Jack Zink
Theater Writer
Posted February 9 2003


 
 
Parade is a story that begins with a tombstone epitaph and ends with a lynching, connected by the rants of a white supremacist newspaper publisher.

An odd choice for a Broadway musical? Writer Alfred Uhry thought so too, when uber-director Harold Prince leaped at the idea a decade ago.

But Prince is the man who brought West Side Story, Cabaret, Sweeney Todd and Kiss of the Spider Woman -- all tragedies -- to the stage. And Uhry, a Pulitzer Prize and Academy Award winner for the unconventional play Driving Miss Daisy, wanted somehow to tell the Leo Frank story, the true tale of a 1915 anti-Semitic railroading in Atlanta. Prince, who holds 20 Tony Awards, more than any other individual, provided both the opportunity and the vehicle.

Six years later, in 1998, Prince delivered Parade to Broadway, where it won Tony Awards for best book of a musical for Uhry and best original score for his collaborator, Jason Robert Brown. But by the time the awards were presented, the show was long gone.

It was hailed by most critics and theater devotees. The Christian Science Monitor called it "brilliant and terrifying" and said "the American stage will never be the same ... one of the most thrilling evenings of a theater-lover's lifetime." The Chicago Tribune added "the latest, bravest and boldest effort yet to lift the American musical to a new level, and perhaps a new era, of artistry." But there were a few prominent exceptions, among them The New York Times, still considered Broadway's "money" review (with a good one, the show makes money; anything else and the show loses money).

A short national tour followed, and Parade has appeared in a sprinkling of regional theaters including a large-scale production that just opened at the Broward Stage Door Theatre in Coral Springs. Though regard for its artistic accomplishment grew along the way, Parade has proven an unlucky commercial gamble for most of its history. The Stage Door's production team hopes to buck those odds with an impassioned South Florida premiere on its main stage.

"A lot of directors around the country want to do Parade but they're scared of it," says the theater's artistic chief, Dan Kelley. "And when we announced it, our audiences asked why we wanted to bring that here."

The Stage Door is better known for traditional musical comedy. Crazy For You, its biggest production to date, just closed, and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying will follow Parade in April. Meanwhile, The Mystery of Edwin Drood is playing at the Stage Door's sister theater in Wilton Manors.

But Kelley does push the envelope when he thinks he can, and at times like this, when he thinks he must.

Producers Dave Torres and Dee Wilson Bunn, though wary, went along with Kelley's riskiest choice to date. Their concern was substantiated almost immediately: When Torres called to arrange for the license, a representative from the Music Theatre International agency controlling the rights asked if Torres knew what he was doing and whether he thought his audience could handle it.

Stage Door subscribers are primarily elderly and Jewish. Parade depicts another tragic incident among centuries of persecution. Though it's no Fiddler on the Roof, Torres thinks subscribers will appreciate its message -- and hopes that new audiences will want to find it.

Tragedies everywhere

Parade is based on events that drove one governor from politics, swept another into office, ignited the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, spawned the Jewish Anti-Defamation League and fueled U.S. Supreme Court decisions for 40 years.

As crimes of the century go -- and there were so many claimants in the 20th -- Leo Frank's 1913 murder trial and its aftermath have remarkable staying power. The case bursts anew into headlines every decade or so, reopening national curiosity as well as old wounds in the city where it occurred.

When the stage musical neared its completion in 1998, Uhry himself denied a request by Atlanta's renowned Alliance Theatre to host its premiere. The author was afraid an Atlanta uproar over the subject rather than the show might adversely affect its Broadway hopes. (Parade eventually reached Atlanta as part of the post-Broadway tour.)

"There are still people around Atlanta who are descended from players in the story," Uhry said at the time. "The skin is still too raw on these wounds."

Uhry is one of those descendants. His grandfather owned the factory that Frank managed when he was accused of raping and murdering Mary Phagan, a 13 year old girl who worked there. Uhry's family helped finance and research Frank's defense, and Uhry remembers Frank's widow as "a kind of spooky older lady" who was a friend of his grandmother -- Daisy Wertham, the title character of his celebrated Driving Miss Daisy.

"This is a story full of tragedies," Uhry said during the show's 1997 workshop in Toronto. "The first tragedy was the sufferings of Georgians after the Civil War. Their land was raped and looted, families were forced off farms and had to send their kids to work in factories.

"And here was this strange-looking Jewish Yankee who became a symbol of everything encroaching on the Old Southern dream of living free. They couldn't just string up another black man -- that wouldn't be enough. Someone else had to pay for Mary's death."

The show opens with a tableau of a Civil War soldier singing a pretty, folklike dirge called The Old Red Hills of Home. The title is from the epitaph on the murdered girl's tomb -- written by Tom Watson, publisher of The Jeffersonian, a rabidly anti-Semitic news sheet of the period.

Watson's editorials are credited with whipping up a mob frenzy around Frank's trial, and for prodding the lynching that climaxes Uhry's story. Watson is the principal villain of the piece.

The lynching came in response to Gov. John Slaton's decision in 1915 to commute Frank's death sentence to life imprisonment -- the prelude to what Slaton believed would eventually be full exoneration. Prevailing thought ever since the trial's end is that the killer was Jim Conley, a black factory worker who was Frank's principal accuser.

A love story, too

Kelley didn't see the Broadway production. He picked up the cast album because an acquaintance was on it, and got hooked by Brown's music. Interested but not yet committed, Kelley learned the case's historical details during months of intense research, driven as much by curiosity as homework.

Still, Kelley was surprised when he finally got a copy of the script.

"I thought `Oh, my God. This risks being offensive to Southerners, to Jewish people, black people, everybody. What can we do?' Then I read a quote about Leo's wife Lucille, how she never remarried and always signed her checks Mrs. Leo Frank. When asked why, she said `I'm not going to hide, and I'm not going to forget.'"

Kelley says that helped him discover the love story within the historical tragedy, as Uhry intended.

"Our job is to take the audience a giant step beyond reality and reveal something about the bigotries that are still with us," Uhry has said. "And to show this uplifting story of a couple, Leo and Lucille, who might never have realized their enormous potential without this crisis."

`A travesty of society'

Kelley pulls out books from his research and spreads them across the table in a diner across the parking lot from the theater. The first full technical rehearsal on the set with costumes will begin in less than an hour, and the director begins describing what he hopes to see.

He has designed a realistic scenic approach, very different from the allegory depicted in photos of the New York production.

"I want the set to look real, and for the centerpieces to be the Constitution Building and Peachtree Street. I want the town to be omnipresent because to me this is a travesty of society," Kelley says.

"I don't know if the audience will get this, but the Franks' home is on one side and his office at the factory is on the other. I want Lucille and her husband Frank separated by the town."

By the time Vicki White and Robert Koutras begin their first duet in rehearsal, the subliminal image has become a ghostly reality in the song.

In casting the show, Kelley also decided to use child actors wherever the script called for them rather than the common practice of hiring more seasoned performers to "play young."

"There's nothing like seeing Eddie Garcia, a 16 year old boy who can sing, standing there at Mary's funeral scene spitting venom. It's bone-chilling," Kelley says.

The director gets exactly what he wants from Garcia halfway through the first act, which builds smoothly and powerfully to its climax despite the usual glitches of a tech run-through. Not long after, Garcia's younger sister Iola chants a haunting courtroom accusation of sexual harassment, said to have been coached from several child witnesses by the prosecutor during the actual trial.

"Hopefully we're not going to offend anyone but we are going to challenge the audience, totally," Kelley says. "It's uplifting and beautifully written but will make the audience uncomfortable. That's why those theater masks you always see are smiling and frowning -- theater is both comedy and tragedy."


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 IF YOU GO 

Parade
Where: Stage Door Theatre, 8036 W. Sample Road, Coral Springs
When: Through March 30. Shows 8 p.m. Thursday-Saturday, 2 p.m. Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday & Sunday; 7 p.m. Sunday
Tickets: $26-29
Info: Call 954-344-7765
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Jack Zink can be reached at jzink@sun-sentinel.com or 954-356-4706.
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